Westernization of Japanese Culture

Westernization of Japanese Culture Daniel Gonzalez Is Japan Losing its Heritage? The Japanese people, have always been recognized for their rich cultural history. With rising concerns regarding population problems and pollution that culture may not be around for much longer. It is no secret that Japan is considered the technological Mecca of the modern world. With the race toward artificial intelligence, can too much of a good thing be a bad thing? How does one thing relate to another? With all the technological breakthroughs seen from Japan in recent years, one can only imagine that these advancements would benefit a society as diverse as the Japanese. With incredible pioneering advancements in robotics and technology such as Honda’s ASIMO, and the Lexus LFA, research and scholars believe that it may be losing its rich cultural history. One can follow Japanese culture back centuries. Having been influenced by its natives as well as foreigners has developed into one of the most diverse cultures in the world. When one thinks of Japan and may think of high-speed magnetically levitated trains, fast cars and vending machines with Wi-Fi. However, much of Japan is still stuck using old technology such as fax machines and computers from the late 1990s. It is not uncommon to see people who traveled to Japan return claiming that most of the technological advancements made in Japan are often enjoyed in the Western world more than they are in Japan. Perhaps this is a s ign of a culture realizing that it is advancing and morphing far too quickly. When one hears the words â€Å"population problem† overpopulation immediately comes to mind. However, Japan has the opposite problem. In 2013, Japan had 238,632 more deaths than births. Japan’s population decreased by over 210,000 compared to the previous census. As it stands Japan has a population of 127.3 million people, but studies suggest that this population may shrink to as little as 86 million in the next 50 years. Court’s cause of death in Japan is cancer at nearly 30% followed by heart disease and 15% and pneumonia at 10%. Japan’s unwillingness to accept its own technology may be its downfall, as many of these diseases are considered preventable, and many times treatable by Western medicine, given that many of the advancements in Western medicine, are a direct result of the contributions Japan has made to medical imaging and diagnostic machines. Another predominant issue affecting the decline of Japanese population is suicide. In 2013, suicide was singled out as the leading cause of death for the age group 15 – 29. It was also determined that twice as many men as women died in that age group. With only 1,029,800 births in 2013, researchers determined that this has been the fewest amount of live births on record since World War II. There has yet to be an increase in births since 1973, called â€Å"the second baby boom of Japan.† The most obvious cause for this decline in population is the total fertility rate. In 1947, at the end of World War II, there were nearly 4.5 children for every woman in Japan. As of 2013, the last official statistic, there were only 1.5 live births per woman. In order to keep the population steady, there needs to be at least 2.0 live births per woman. The number must be higher, however Japan hopes to see an increase in the coming years, rather than a decrease. The marriage rate has also seen a decline. 661,000 marriages were recorded in 2013. Again, a record low since World War II. It is evident that women are hesitating time married at a younger age and are delaying the process. In 1993, the average marriage age was 26 years old. In 2013, the average was nearly 30. Women are delaying having their first child as well, as the average age for the first child is now close to 31, instead of the age of 27 it was approximately 2 decades ago. Ironically, it is young Westerners were more open and susceptible to accepting Japanese culture than the Japanese themselves. Many believe that this is actually because Japan is westernizing its own culture. In the 15th century, Japan passed a law forbidding the Japanese to leave the country and severely limiting the negotiations that it could have countries outside of Asia. This is largely been attributed to have been done out of fear of westernization. Western countries began having relations with Japan once more as a result of the invention of the steam engine and advances in transportation. Early attempts were made by King William the Second of Holland to establish negotiations by sending a letter to the show gun of Japan in 1844 advising him that keeping this ban in place would affect the economic and cultural advancement of the country due to the astounding increase in agricultural, technological, and industrial advancements. While the implications of this letter was deliberate d among Japan’s highest ranking officials they decided to take no action. And it was not until 1853, when President Millard Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew Perry as an arbitrator in an attempt to begin negotiations and commercial relations with Japan. This prompted Japan and the United States to sign the treaty titled the â€Å"Treaty of Friendship†. Nearly 2 decades after the treaty was signed Japan began implementing more westernized styles of education and was recognized by many as â€Å"the first and most striking example of westernization in the non-Western world.† It was not until 1872, however, that Japan passed a formal law titled the â€Å"Fundamental Law of Education† Which set forth the standards for the Japanese education system. During the interim twenty-year period, there was much trial and error regarding the types of educational systems and at times Japan seem motivated to revert to its original Eastern – based educational system. T his trial and error was exacerbated by attempting to mimic the educational systems of many different countries including Holland and Germany. The foundation of the educational system finally found a compromise with predominantly French influences. In 1890, the â€Å"Rescript on Education† politicized and organized the 1872, law by appointing teachers as servants of the state. A system titled the Mombusho, devised by Japanese Statesman Mori Arinori, widely considered to be the father of the modern Japanese educational system, was established to dictate which textbooks and standardized tests would be part of Japanese curriculum, very much like the French and American education system. The negotiations of Commodore Perry in 1853 sparked a change in Japan that paved the way for the changes it still sees today. In 1872, the same year the educational legislation was passed, a regulation ordered that the court nobles wear westernized clothing. Japanese commoners began to take after the rulers of the nation as they changed their hairstyles from the traditional topknot to shorter hairstyles. Dental hygiene in women increased as well. By the 1890’s, it was uncommon to see women with diseased teeth. The rich began wearing wool coats and accessorizing with umbrellas and pocket watches, a practice that was considered taboo before the arrival of Commodore Perry, as the educational system before then taught that Japanese men and women should not preoccupy themselves with matters is trite as the time. The transformation, however, was not yet complete. Japanese officials were said to wear their Western clothing to work and then change into their kimonos and traditional Ja panese clothing after they went home, again, showing that Japanese culture was still somewhat resilient and resistant to change and in the early years it may have been purely for a political purpose. Japanese construction is an area that saw major change in the late 19th and early 20th century. Tatami, a Japanese advancement replaced dirt and wood floors. Kerosene lighting replaced traditional rapeseed lighting with its promise of convenience and portability. Before then, most Japanese homes only knew the kitchen stove as the central source of lighting. Sanitation practices from the Western world were being implemented as well as a result of the new, portable lighting. Concrete buildings became increasingly common and architects from other countries were commissioned to design important buildings such as the Bank of Japan and the Tokyo central station. In contrast with the issue of modernity, the integration of Westernization and modernization has a long history in Japan. In the article WITHOUT MODERNITY: Japans Challenging Modernization, Dana Buntrock mentions that â€Å"leaders accepted that industrialization and Westernization were reciprocal and that both were necessary for development.In addition to actively promoting telegraph, lighthouse, and railroad construction, for example, the government also used Western buildings and institutions to advance its modernization program. Japan employed Western engineers to build the nations infrastructure and Western architects to design offices, banks, universities, and schools; these specialists were collectively referred to asoyatoi. In more isolated areas, where Western architects were not present, indigenous carpenters attempted to reproduce the finishes and spatial characteristics of Western architecture, particularly in the construction of government offices and primary schools† These advancements in construction technology began to make Tokyo look more like industrialized Western cities such as San Francisco. The prefabricated style of construction more recently implemented in the United States is also influenced modern Japanese construction. In industrial Japanese areas, it is not uncommon to see b uildings erected in less than a week. Buildings are constructed in a piecewise fashion at an off-site factory and then trucked in to the construction site and put together by construction workers. This alleviates the many problems that come along with construction sites such as traffic jams, lower speed limits, noise levels, and inconvenience to residents of the area, given that traditional building construction can take anywhere from two to ten years depending on the architectural complexity of the building. The largest and most long-lasting change that Western influences brought to Japan is a culture that strives to advance technologically. As Akira Goto says in his study, Technology and Industrial Development in Japan: Building Capabilities by Learning, Innovation and Public Policy, â€Å"Japan was the first major non-Western nation to take on board the Western technological and organizational advances of the century after the first industrial revolution. It subsequently proved fully able to exploit and contribute to the broad, sustained technological advances that began in the 20th century, as science became harnessed to technology.†

Speech on Sleep

According to the research of Dr. James B. Maas, 40% of Americans (100 million people) are moderately to severely sleep-deprived! High school and college students are among the most sleep deprived people in our population. 60% are sleepy during the day and 30% fall asleep in class at least once a week. The average person needs at least seven to nine hours of sleep every night but Many people do not get the sleep they need because their schedules don’t allow adequate time for it and they do not know the negative effects lack of sleep can have on their health and functioning. Today I’m going to inform you on the effects lack of sleep has on our body such as depression, premature skin aging, and Obesity. Shown in a 1997 study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, people who slept less than five hours a night for seven nights felt stressed, sad, and mentally exhausted. Over time, lack of sleep can contribute to the symptoms of depression because Depression results from serotonin imbalance, which regulates mood and sleep. Next I mentioned premature skin aging. When you don’t get enough sleep, your body releases more of the stress hormone called cortisol. In excess amounts, cortisol can break down skin collagen, the protein that keeps skin smooth and elastic, hence premature wrinkles occur with in the skin. Last but not least, weight gain. Lack of sleep increases hunger and appetite. According to a 2004 study by Phil Berman and colleagues, people who sleep less than six hours a day were almost 30 percent more likely to become obese than those who slept seven to nine hours. Not only does sleep loss appear to stimulate appetite, but it stimulates cravings for high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods. To conclude, sleep is a very important key factor to our daily performance. Lack of sleep leads to unwanted conditions like I mentioned depression, premature skin aging, and excessive obesity. Although we all have very busy schedules, there is no way that everyone in this room cant dedicate 7 to 9 hours out of the 24 hours there is in a day to sleep.

American Imperialism the United States (U.S.) - 1562 Words

American Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century’s the United States (U.S.) pursued an aggressive policy of expansionism extending its political and economic influence around the world. What is imperialism? Why this policy was adopted and how it was rationalized. The major events that took place and which countries of the world the U.S. became involved due to this policy. Finally, we will see, not everyone supported foreign affairs by the U.S. and in 1899 they founded the American Anti-Imperialist League. I will discuss their view of Imperialism and discuss the outcome of the foreign policy going into the twentieth century. Imperialism is the â€Å"acquisition of control over the†¦show more content†¦The thirst for new markets was one reason for the imperialistic era. We bought Alaska for 7.2 Million from the Russians, which provided us with oil, timber, and minerals. â€Å"Critics called Alaska â€Å"Seward’s Folly,† but he paid only about 2 cents an acre for a mineral-rich territory twice the size of Texas† (2008, p. 615). â€Å"The battle of the Pacific highlighted the need for naval bases and coaling stations. On July 7, McKinley signed a joint congressional resolution annexing Hawaii, as planters wanted for nearly a decade† (2008, p. 622). This lead to the annex of Hawaii, Pearl Harbor naval base being built and after the Spanish-American War we received Guam and Puerto Rico. During this period, we gained territories, resources and our military was expanding forces in areas of the world where we had not gone in force before. There were several major events that took place during this time that led up to this change. The main reason this policy was adopted was because the U.S. industrial economy was growing so fast that they were producing more goods than they could consume. This abundance of goods forced the U.S. to look for new markets to sell their goods. Another reason this was adopted was because the Americans were discontent with the way Spaniards were treating the Cubans. This led to the Spanish American War, which really opened the doors for American Imperialism. The U.S. forces defeated the Spanish forces which caused SpainShow MoreRelatedThe Imperalistic Monster644 Words   |  3 PagesThe roots of imperialism have emerged from the ground since the beginning of time. Imperialism is the expansion of a countrys power and influence through diplomacy and military force. Imperialist nations of the recent past used brute force to conquer and enforce their control over other parts of the world. For e xample, when one looks at Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. One can see that the brutal force of Napoleon Bonaparte’s military extended French dominance over much of Western EuropeRead MoreAmerican Imperialism Research Study Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Appendix A American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: †¢ Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. †¢ Discuss why each area was important to American empire building—political, economic, and social. †¢ Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some factors that justified American imperialist actions? †¢ Identify the current politicalRead MoreAppendix a American Imperialism1314 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Appendix A American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. Discuss why each area was important to American empire building—political, economic, and social. Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some factors that justified American imperialist actions? Identify the currentRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Monroe Doctrine1195 Words   |  5 Pagesestablished by U.S. president James Monroe and the U.S. secretary of state John Quincy Adams. Their plan of the Monroe Doctrine represented a solid line where the Americans will no longer tolerate interference from European powers in any way shape or form. For the most part, America was minding its own business until Imperialism started booming in the late 1800’s. Latin America was less developed and America saw South and Central America as perfect candidates to extract resources and sell U.S. goods. TheRead MoreAmerican Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century Born out of the independence of a subordinate600 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century Born out of the independence of a subordinate nation, the United States of America aggressively pursued a desire for expansion of power and influence in other countries through diplomacy and force so that they could gain political or economic power – or both. In this brief paper we will discuss the ambition for the U.S. to overthrow the government and economy of other nations, how it was rationalized, and which countries were subject to the foreignRead MoreAmerican Imperialism : A Part Of United States History1463 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Imperialism American Imperialism has been a part of United States history ever since the American Revolution. Imperialism is the practice by which large, powerful nations seek to expand and maintain control or influence on a weaker country. Throughout the years, America has had a tendency to take over other people s land. Authors like Frederick Jackson Turner, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Albert J. Beveridge, Mark Twain, and William James all distinctive perspectives on U.S expansion and imperialismRead MoreAmerican Imperialism797 Words   |  4 PagesMaterial Appendix A American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. Discuss why each area was important to American empire building—political, economic, and social. Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some factors that justified American imperialist actions? Read MoreTo What Extent Was Late Nineteenth-Century and Early Twentieth-Century United States Expansionism a Continuation of Past United States Expansionism and to What Extent Was It a Departure?1184 Words   |  5 PagesAPUSH To what extent was late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century United States expansionism a continuation of past United States expansionism and to what extent was it a departure? Throughout the history of the United States, America had a desire to expand its boundaries. The United States acquired most of its land during the nineteenth and early twentieth century with a brief break during the Civil War and Reconstruction. However, the way America went about graining new landsRead MoreAmerican Actions During The First Seminole War842 Words   |  4 Pagesits history, the United States has claimed to be a democracy that fights for freedom for all. Americans have opposed imperialistic states and have fought against empires. However, based on specific definitions of imperialism, U.S. leaders have been guilty of fighting multiple wars to build their empire, even if their explicit reasons for doing so suggest otherwise. Examples of these imperialistic trends include American actions during the First Seminole War, the Mexican-American War, and the annexationRead MoreAP Us History DBQ977 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ American expansionism in the late 19th century and early 20th century was, to a large extent, a continuation of past United States expansionism, while also departing with previous expansionism in some aspects. During the period of time between the late 19th century and early 20th century, America was going through significant changes. After a revolution in Cuba against the Spanish, as well as the Americans starting the Spanish-American War, the Americans received several territorial concessions

Stretching Is Not Warming Up - 862 Words

Stretching is not warming up! It is, however, a very nessecary part of warming up. Warming up is the process of warming up (i.e.,building your core body temperature). A proper warm-up should build your body temperature by one or two degrees Celsius (1.4 to 2.8 degrees Fahrenheit) and is divided into three phases: A. General warm-up (The general warm-up is divided into two parts): Joint rotations, the general warm-up should begin with joint-rotations, beginning either from your toes and working your way up, or from your fingers and workingyour way down. This facilitates joint motion by lubricating the entire joint with synovial fluid Aerobic activityyou should engage in at least five minutes of aerobic activity such as jogging, jumping rope, or any other activity that will cause a similar increase in your cardiovascular output (i.e., get your blood pumping). The purpose of this is to raise your core body temperature and gets your blood flowing. Increased blood flow in the muscles improves muscle performance and flexibility and reduces the likelihood of injury. B. Stretching the stretching phase of your warm-ups should consist of two parts: Static stretching you should start with your back, followed by your upper body and lower body, Dynamic stretchingyou should engage in some light dynamic stretching: leg-raises and arm-swings in all directions to increase your dynamic flexibility. C. sport-specific activity the lastpart of your warm-up should be devoted to performingShow MoreRelatedStretch the Right Way: Dynamic Stretching Essay examples1046 Words   |  5 PagesDid you know that the most common type of stretching, known as static stretching, can actually be more harmful to a person’s muscles than helpful? Researchers have discovered that â€Å"the old routine of holding a position for 20 to 30 seconds, actually weakens them† (Reynolds). So how should athletes warm up if stretching may actually be the cause of some injuries? Coaches and athletes should perform dynamic stretching rather than static stretching before performing activity or exercise because itRead MoreMuscular Injuries828 Words   |  3 PagesA. Qualitative method The research problem, Researchers set about determining whether warm up or stretching routines were more effective in preventing muscle injuries from occurring or whether both should be used in unison. Researchers also set about promoting an effective definition of warm-up and stretching methods since they found that previous research on topic lacked clarity on this theme resulting in confused outcome in related research. The basis for the problem Muscular injury is oneRead MoreIn the United States of America the sports industry is booming. Parents are having their infants2300 Words   |  10 Pagessports they do not need proper warm-up and cool-down exercises. As a society, we know what children are taught at a young age take through out their life. Just as a child learns his or her ABC’s and 123‘s, they should be taught the fundamental way of preparing their bodies for a sport. At the high school age, athletes are thrown onto a court, field or rink and are told by the coach to â€Å"warm-up.† Most coaches do not take the time with their team to properly â€Å"warm-up† their team but, the main concernRead MoreHamstring Strain752 Words   |  4 Pagesto know that hamstring strains are common injuries but there are things you can do to prevent them. In order to reduce the risk of a hamstring one should begin warming up, doing flexible activities, and using products. The reason why warming up is impo rtant for a pulled-hamstring is because the light aerobic exercise followed by stretching and sports specific drills help the muscle increase intensity. It is also important to do flexible activities because hamstring tightness is measured by flexingRead MoreTypes Of Flexibility And Physical Activity1503 Words   |  7 PagesIs dynamic or static stretching more beneficial to flexibility? Flexibility is the range of motions in your joints. (Waehner) Dynamic stretching is more controlled movements. For example, leg and arm swings. Your goal with dynamic stretching is to bring the muscles as close to their range of motion as possible. (Stretches Definition, 2014) Static stretching consists of reaching an holding a stretch just beyond the normal range of motion. (Stretches Definition, 2014) Stretching is often used in sportsRead MoreEssay on Warming Up and Cooling Down in Physical Education Classes1454 Words   |  6 Pagestheir class or practice with static stretching. Teachers and coaches most commonly begin their lesson/practice with static stretching in hopes to help their students prevent injury while participating in their physical activity. Although stretching is an important component to physical activity, there is still one key element that should be executed before stretching; that key element being engaging in a warm up activity. Along with beginning with a warm-up activity, it is important that teachersRead MoreThe Great Warming By Brian Fagan1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Warming is a book written by Brian Fagan that encompasses the environment and history pertaining to most of the human race between A.D. 800 and 1300. Not only does the book give a new dimension to world history by looking at climate history, but it also provides the reader with an ominous warning of the impact that climate change may have on the human race in the future. Fagan references many civilizations in the book that were affected by the rise in surface temperatures. He goes in depthRead MoreRisks Involved in the Game of Netball Essay557 Words   |  3 Pagesgreat skill. Warm up/Cool down Warming up before playing Netball is vitally important, you need to prepare your body for exercise. You need to stretch thoroughly from your neck down to ankles, as all the muscles off the body may be used throughout the period of the game or training session. Stretching also decreases the risk of muscle stiffness, before stretching a 3-5 minute jog must take place to increase the body temperature for stretching. To cool down youRead MorePhysical Preparation Of The Body1150 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ Finish the Exercise by stretching the hips, groin, hamstrings, and quadriceps. Proper preparation of the body is essential when doing any type of exercise. Proper preparation should include gentle stretching and warm up exercises to get the heart pumping. Stretching the main muscle groups that will be worked makes them more pliable and less likely to be injured during the workout. For example, preparation for a lower body workout would involve stretching and warming up the hamstrings, the quadricepsRead MoreGlobal Warming: Why Its the Governments Job to Halt a Perfectly Natural Phenomenon1584 Words   |  7 Pagespattern occasioned by the global warming. Extreme and erratic weather conditions have been experienced in almost every part of the world. This essay will review the literature that is available on the definition of Global warming, the causes of global warming, effects of global warming on the community and nations, what the government is doing to stop global warming, as well as what Non-Governmental Organizations or Non-State Organizations are doing to stop global warming and finally what should be done

The Unexpected Downside of Science Explored in Aldous...

The Unexpected Downside of Science Explored in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Since the first day that humans were put on this earth, they have been curious and have searched for ways to become more efficient. Throughout the years they have created tools to better serve them, created clothing to keep them warm, built homes to protect them from the elements, and produced transportation methods to transport them across the world. In Aldous Huxleys Brave New World (1932), the human race has evolved to being extremely efficient in everything that they do. This efficiency includes producing new human beings. Science has taken over and altered the society. Imagine not having a family to care for you or you for them. In Huxleys book,†¦show more content†¦Each class is specified in Greek letters. The upper class is the Alpha class, followed by the Beta class and so on. One would think that a person of a lower class would prefer to be an Alpha, but in Huxleys book the well conditioning of humans since birth allows the lower class to be thankful that they are not a part of any other class. Most of the mental conditioning occurs during the sleeping hours of the children. While the children sleep, speakers that are scattered throughout the room repeat a phrase over and over. The children then repeat the exact phrase over and over in their sleep. A conditioning phrase giving to the Beta class would state, Alpha children wear grey. They work much harder than we do, because theyre so frightfully clever. Im really glad Im a Beta, because I dont work so hard. And then we are much better than the Gammas and Deltas. Gammas are stupid. They all wear green, and Delta children wear khaki. Oh no, I dont want to play with Delta children. And Epsilons are still worse. Theyre too stupid to be able to read or write. Besides they wear black, which is such a beastly colour. Im so glad Im a Beta (18). The director running the conditioning of the new humans stated that, Theyll have that repeated [. . .] A hundred and twenty times three times a week for thirty months. After which they go on to a more advanced lesson. Till at last the childs mind is these suggestions, and the sum of the

Intra and Interpersonal Skills Free Essays

Today I am going to introduce what I have learnt in IIC. I have several skills that would be useful for my future, such as concentrate on positives when I am in bad moods, self-disclosure and giving positive response to criticism for better communication. However, these are not the most important aspects for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Intra and Interpersonal Skills or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is because I cherish more on relationships. Besides, I don’t have good relationship with family members. Also, friends cannot always be with me. Therefore, love is the only thing I pursue in my entire life. However, there are lots of barriers on my love path. My lovers just left me very soon and said â€Å"you are too good for me†. I wondered if it is just simply an excuse for breaking up with me. After the Developing and Enriching Intimate Relationship lesson, I realized the reason that none of them want to stay with me and commented I am too good for them. This is because I am having obsessive love with them, giving them too much love and so pressure. This is one of the obstacles for love to the lecture notes. On the other hand, we didn’t have a mutual direction for our future. We had intimacy and passion but no commitment was involved. The first thing I have to do is self-love. This is because obsessive love only gives pressure to the other person. To have a healthy relationship, loving yourself is essential. Then, I have to plan a long-term involvement with that person. I used to have romantic loves. However, that is not I need, what I need is the consummate love. According to Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love, consummate love includes intimacy, passion and commitment. I will be open and honest to let my relationship grows healthy. â€Å"Learning to love doesn’t just happen if we meet the right person†. I believe if you want to have a good result, effort is necessary for it, even love. How to cite Intra and Interpersonal Skills, Essay examples

Program Design for Create Future Project-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Support adventure and recreation for young people during their transition to independence from state care. Answer: Introduction The youth unemployment in the small towns and cities has been a great discomfort for the governments of various nations. Australia also faces the same predicament and various organizations in the country are looking to implement various type of programs for the development of the unemployed and the under privileged (Harvey et al., 2015). This report provides the details about one of such initiatives adopted by the CREATE organization. This report deals with the program design and the evaluation plan for the CREATE Your Future project. The scenario selected for the evaluation process is the Support, adventure and recreation for young people during their transition from the out-of home care system to the independence from the state. At the present situation the young people are transitioning are facing a great deal of problems. The rate of homelessness, substance use, unemployment and the mental illness among the young people have increased at a considerable rate (Arnau-sabates Giliga n, 2015). Hence, for the resolution of the situation the CREATE have developed a program designed for these under privileged kids that would help them to learn various type of practical, theoretical and interpersonal skills that would enhance them both as an professional and also as a human being. The program is named as CREATE Your Future. The program is a multi-systematic program that is used for the utilization of the solution and the strengths focused approach both for the individuals and the group interventions. The report provides the details about the program and also performs an evaluation of the designed program. The report contains the problem analysis, needs assessment, program strategy, program design and the program evaluations. Additionally, the budget assessments and the analysis of the audiences for the program are also provided in the report. Problem Analysis This report has been used to perform the problem analysis for the program. This can be used for the exploration of the various types of difficulties faced by the people that would be leaving the out-of home care system in Australia. The Kettner model has been used for the problem analysis of the provided situation (Kettner, Moroney Martin, 2017). According to the reports, around 39,000 children were present in the out-of home care system in the country. They were either living in the foster care or the kingship care arrangements in and around the country (McDowall, 2013). According to the court orders of the Victorian custody and the Guardianship court orders the children that aged around 16 to 18 years were in transition from the out-of-home care services of the country. Hence, each year around 400 children makes transition from this system. Hence, as a result the numbers of children in the city living without any support are increasing with the increase of time. In addition to thi s, various type of problems have been experienced by the children during this transition such as: Abuse before entering the care facilities Bad experiences in the care Lack of support to provided to them after they completed their transition from the care They face various types of issues such as homelessness, substance use, unemployment and the mental illness. According to certain reports 45% of the people were in justice systems, 35% were homeless and 28% were unemployed. In addition to this, there was adverse effect on the children after leaving the care (Ross, 2014). The children face various types of problems because the process of transition is accelerated at the care they are released at a very young age. In addition to this they are also not provided with any type of preparation and adequate support after leaving the care. Needs Assessment The needs assessment has been performed in the report to identify the gaps in the service delivery that are related to the children that are leaving the care and these gaps are to be filled up efficiently by the implemented system. Hence, the system is required to enhance the quality of living of the children (Dennt Churchill, 2016). They are required to implement efficient programs for the children so that they can be able to make a stand for themselves in the society. For the assessment of the requirement of the presented situation and interview of the children was conducted. In the interview the children who were out of the care system were asked various types of questions. The basic requirements that were assessed from this situation are: The existing care providing organizations have very limited amount of resources available to them and hence, this leaves the care providers are provided with very less options to work for the betterment of the youth that leaves the care (Fitzpatrick, Claire Coyne, 2016). Hence, the young people should be provided with more opportunities so that they can make a stand for themselves in the society. The surveys also show that the people at the care working with the young people lack the efficiency in communicating with them efficiently and also the systems and the policies at the care are not correctly implemented such as the age at which a child leaves the care and the support criteria for the young people (Morrison Shepherd, 2015). They also do not have the scope to support the young people after the leaving the care. They are also unable the engage the young people in programs that would be enhancing their careers. Hence, there is need of proper support program for the young people after they leave the care. The surveys also revealed that the people were not sure about the career path they want to choose and also they were not indulged in the programs that were related to the hobbies of the young people at the care. Program theory of change The CREATE Your Future initiative by the organization have designed various type of programs that would enhance the knowledge of the young people and also they developed a website for the people that would be able to keep in touch with organization form the different locations (Royse, Thyre Padgett, 2015). The organization helps the under privileged by providing them with the access to the website. There are various types of features provided by the organization to the children and the young people who are leaving the care. They provide health and nutrition activities for the people. They make them conscious about their health and try and change their health habits and provide them with the option of free checkups in case they are ill or injured. The website provides the young people with the options to learn new things and also earn money by performing different type of jobs by which they can earn a considerable amount of money and gain experience. They would be professionally able after engaging to these programs. The organization realizes that there is a need to support the young people who are comes directly out of the care both financially and socially (Urban, Hargreaves Trochim, 2014). There is need to provide the people with different type of facilities such as work, health and education. They would need to acquire some efficient skill so that they can survive independently in the world. The organization thinks that the work and education are main pillars on which the future for the people leaving the care would depend. They also think that the people require an efficient level of counseling for each and every sector of their life. Hypothesis The people who are out of the care directly are often vulnerable to various types of wrong deeds and hence they should be show the proper path and should be guided in the right tracks so that they can establish the aim of their life and work towards making the aim a success in their life (Kurata, Suzuki Nishimura, 2015). Goal Statement The main goal of the program is to provide the young people with the information and guidance about different aspects of life make them stable enough so that they can live independently on their own in the society (Ogbeiwi, 2017). Evidence Base The program and the website are very efficiently designed for the betterment of people leaving the care (Laska, Gurman Wampold, 2014).The website is created for the children who would not be able to reach the organization directly and hence, would be able to reach them via the website. But for the unprivileged in the small cities it might not always be possible to reach the website and this would be a downside of this program. Program Design The program design consists of a set of processes that the participants in the programs have to go through and also they consists of a website that is designed for the care leavers and the people that cannot reach the organization directly (Schoenfield, 2013). The program Logic model provides more information about the design of the project. Goals Objectives The main goal of the project is to reach out to the youths and the unemployed and work for their benefit. The main objectives for the project are: To provide the youth the employment opportunities To provide them guidance in their career To make the care leavers job ready Target Population The target population for the project is the youth that are to be released from the state care. This is design especially for the pupils who are in the transition from the care to being independent in the society. This is almost around 36,000 approximately. Program outline The CREATE Foundation have different type of programs organized for the underprivileged and the unemployed part of the population. They host a number of programs such as the Grant schemes, seminars and also various types of workshops for the young people. The report provides the information about the website of the foundation that is used for their CREATE Your Future program. The website would allow the youths who are out of the care homes of the states to register themselves to the website and also would be able to access the different features of the website free of cost (Chomsky, 2014). They would be able to attend various type of seminars, webinars, and also in various type of workshops that would be organized by the CREATE Foundation. In addition to this, they would also be able to enroll themselves in different type online courses for free and also they would be able to apply for online counseling free of cost where they would be provided with various type of advices and help t hem to interact with the experts and the psychologists. The website also has freelancing option for the people. They would be able to enroll themselves and do various types of freelancing jobs and earn money from it. This would help to enhance the financial status of the youths in the country and also the foundation would be able to generate some revenue from it, which would be later utilized for the benefit of the youths and the society. In addition to this, the foundation also donates a large sum of money for the welfare of the society. They do this from the revenue generated for them. Program partners The create foundation has been created collaboratively and is an organization which work for the benefit of the youths and the society and works towards the greater cause in the society. Budget Cost Management The CREATE foundation has organized have organized the CREATE Your Future project. But before the implementation of the project the economic analysis for the project should be done. This is the check whether the program is economically feasible or not and this is used to check if the project would be sustainable enough to be carried out. Total Budget for the program The total budget for the program is to be finalized before the project is to be implemented. The estimated total budget for the program is $390,000. The detail of the budget is provided in the table below. Budget for CREATE Your Future Expenses Salaries Description Quantity Cost Total Social Workers 70% of Time on Project 10 6,000 $60,000 Counselors Counselor fee (hourly or flat) 5 500 $2,500 Guest speakers Honoraria rate 5 1000 $5,000 Sub - total Salaries $67,500 Website Description Quantity Cost Total Cost of implementation 1 90,000 $90,000 Software cost 1 50,000 $50,000 Hardware Cost 1 60,000 $60,000 Other 1 40,000 $40,000 Sub-total Travel $240,000 Events Description Quantity Cost Total Seminars 7 2,000 $14,000 Webinars 5 1,500 $7,500 Workshops 7 2,000 $14,000 Awards 5 500 $2,500 Sub-total Events $38,000 Training Description Quantity Cost Total Online Course 500 10 $5,000 Non-technical training 2000 20 $40,000 Sub-total Training $45,000 Intermediate Total $390,500 Indirect Costs Quantity Cost Total Indirect 15% of total expenses $390,500 0.15 $58,575 Total Expenses $449,075 Income Program Income Description Quantity Cost Total Advertisement Income from Advertisement 10 500 $5,000 Sales 40 1,000 $40,000 In-kind contributions government funds 3 10,000 $30,000 Grants/Sponsorships/RFP's CREATE 1 30,000 $30,000 Other revenue from partnership 1 20,000 $20,000 Total Income $125,000 Cost benefit Analysis for the program The cost benefit analysis for the program involves the calculations of the NPV analysis and the ROI analysis for the program (Torriti Ikpe, 2014). The NPV and the ROI are positive from the analysis and this denotes that the project is both economically stable and also would be sustainable over a longer period of time. CREATE Foundation CRETE Your Future Year of Project Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Net economic benefit $0.00 $125,000.00 $125,000.00 $125,000.00 $125,000.00 $125,000.00 Discount rate @ 5% 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 PV of benefits 0 $118,750.00 $112,500.00 $106,250.00 $100,000.00 $93,750.00 NPV of All Benefits $0.00 $118,750.00 $231,250.00 $337,500.00 $437,500.00 $531,250.00 $531,250.00 One Time Costs $350,000.00 Recurring Costs $0.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00 Discount rate @ 5% 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 PV of Recurring Costs $0.00 $38,000.00 $36,000.00 $34,000.00 $32,000.00 $30,000.00 NPV of all Benefits $150,000.00 $188,000.00 $224,000.00 $258,000.00 $290,000.00 $320,000.00 $320,000.00 Overall NPV $211,250.00 Overall ROI 0.66015625 Break Even Analysis Yearly NPV cash flow $350,000.00 $80,750.00 $76,500.00 $72,250.00 $68,000.00 $63,750.00 Overall NPV cash flow $350,000.00 $269,250.00 $192,750.00 $120,500.00 $52,500.00 -$11,250.00 Program Monitoring Evaluation Plan Type of evaluation The program evaluations are generally based on the financial and the social terms. The evaluation of the program would indicate whether the program is sustainable or not. Indicators The main the indicators for the program to be economically feasible are the NPV analysis and the ROI analysis. The NPV and the ROI are positive from the analysis and this denotes that the project is both economically stable and also would be sustainable over a longer period of time. In addition to this, the program is designed for the underprivileged and the unemployed; hence the program works for the greater good of the people. Therefore the program is also socially feasible. Audience The main audience for the program are the CREATE Foundation, the Australian Government, the care leavers and the unemployed sector of the population in the country. Bibliography Arnau-Sabats, L., Gilligan, R. (2015). What helps young care leavers to enter the world of work? Possible lessons learned from an exploratory study in Ireland and Catalonia.Children and youth services review,53, 185-191. 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